Partisan Era of the United States Congress

Spanning from the mid-19th century into the 21st century, it is characterized by the dominance of the current two-party system of Democrats and Republicans.

Spanning from the 1830s through the early 20th century, it was characterized by state legislatures selecting federal senators and strong political party cohesion, largely driven by the parties' stances on slavery.

Spanning from the early to mid-20th century, it was characterized by lame-duck reforms and high levels of patriotism.

Spanning from the late 18th century into the early 19th century, it was characterized by high congressional turnover and the development of the committee system.

Spanning from the mid-20th century to the present, it is characterized by campaign finance restrictions and declining public approval of politicians.