New Versus Old Immigrants

New immigrants were more likely to have lived in a democracy, whereas most old immigrants came from monarchies.

New immigrants were more likely to be white and Protestant, whereas most old immigrants were Catholic.

New immigrants were less likely to be literate and English-speaking, whereas most old immigrants came from English-speaking, democratic countries.

New immigrants were less likely to be Catholic and illiterate, whereas old immigrants were predominantly Protestant and literate.